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The Crypto Effect : Framework, challenges & The way forward

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SHASHWAT MISHRA – Mumbai Uncensored, 15 January 2022

2021 was a year full of buzz around cryptocurrency in India, apps coming up with private cryptocurrency(bitcoin), people investing in bitcoins, government twice was close to come up with a law banning all private cryptocurrency, but no material step was taken in this area. It becomes imperative to understand all about cryptocurrency and the article aims to give a detailed analysis on cryptocurrency, its challenges and the way forward. 

What is cryptocurrency?

A cryptocurrency is a medium of exchange similar to a Rupee or any other currency. The difference is while a rupee or a dollar exists in a physical form which is a printed note, cryptocurrency is held in an electronic form based on a technology named blockchain. Blockchain is nothing but a decentralized ledger in an electronic form which contains “blocks” in other words transactions across a peer-to-peer network, which means without an involvement of a third party. 

Bitcoin is the world’s best known cryptocurrency which is considered to be the largest in terms of market value followed by Ethereum. If we talk about how cryptocurrency works, it needs to be understood in the context of a fiat money (currency with authorized permission and regulation), for example a rupee is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India which ensures that the money in circulation is genuine and is recorded. In the context of a cryptocurrency, a chain of private computers execute this process and solve complex cryptographic puzzles, this is done to authenticate the transaction, this process is called mining. 

TRADING IN CRYPTOCURRENCIES

To trade in cryptocurrency, one needs to first buy a cryptocurrency, there are two ways in which a cryptocurrency can be brought, firstly, you can buy crypto coin from someone and the second, is to mine your own cryptocurrency. Buying happens in either an exchange facilitated transaction or a peer-to-peer transaction. Talking in the context of India, the simplest way to trade in cryptocurrency is through one of the exchange and trading platforms which includes, WazirX, CoinDCX, CoinSwitch Kuber etc.

To trade in cryptocurrency by using INR, the user needs to register on one of the exchange platforms mentioned above, and complete a KYC process, then if the user is buying cryptocurrency for the very first time will need to load INR money in their wallet of their cryptocurrency exchange. 

FRAMEWORK ACROSS COUNTRIES & INDIA

El Salvador has become the first country to recognize bitcoin as a legal tender, China on the other hand has imposed a complete ban on cryptocurrency. It becomes imperative to look at some of the other jurisdictions around the world and their regulatory framework regarding cryptocurrency.  

In the United States, The federal government does not recognize cryptocurrency as a legal tender, the two major regulators i.e. US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) are playing catch up while regulating the digital currency market, their objectives are two fold, firstly, protecting the investing public and secondly, maintaining market stability. 

In the United Kingdom, Her Majesty’s Revenue and customs department has not considered crypto assets as a currency. Furthermore, it has noted that cryptocurrency does not qualify to be any form of investment activity. 

In Canada its regulator, Canada Revenue Authority (CRA) though does not recognize it as a fiat currency but treats it like a commodity used for payment and investment purposes and the same is subject to taxation. 

Israel through its legislation, Supervision of Financial Services Law includes digital currency within the definition of financial assets. The Israel tax Authority demands 25% on profits made through exchange and trading of cryptocurrency.  

India though has not come up with any policy or legislation either regulating or banning cryptocurrency, however, before the winter session of parliament last year there were conjectures that the government may come up with a law banning all private cryptocurrencies, but nothing concrete happened, which has led to uncertainty amongst investors in the Indian crypto market. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) though, has given some hints as to what would a regulatory framework on cryptocurrency in India look like. 

The RBI is expected to come up with Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) a digital currency that can be transacted using platforms based on blockchains and would be regulated by RBI. However, this is just a form of digital currency, but the broader question is what should be a comprehensive policy related to cryptocurrency? Mr. Hemant Batra a renowned public policy expert and a lawyer while speaking to Mumbai Uncensored has provided his detailed insight and expertise on the policy regarding cryptocurrency, he says, “public policy can be of two types, firstly, a policy which brings or initiates a reform in any sector or segment within the society and second, is a policy brought about to formalize a change which has already happened. The Indian cryptocurrency market has now become very big with involvement of billions of dollars in the market hence, it is now unattainable and irreconcilable for the government to completely ban all sorts of cryptocurrency and its trading and investment. India is absolutely ready to accept cryptocurrency with a regulatory system based on global requirements as per the guidelines issued by IMF (International Monetary Fund). Banning cryptocurrency will lead to damaging the financial statistics of all nations”  

CONCERNS AROUND CRYPTOCURRENCY 

The next aspect is the challenges that cryptocurrency puts forth before the policy makers, these can be termed as “macro” consequence of cryptocurrency. First aspect is the challenge related to the monetary policy, former RBI governor Duvvuri Subbarao speaking at a public forum has expressed his concerns on cryptocurrency and its impact on monetary policy according to him, cryptocurrency may erode central bank’s control over money supply, “Crypto is backed by algorithms and there is fear that the central bank might lose control over money supply and inflation management. There are also concerns that crypto will disrupt the monetary policy,” he said, “Crypto can jump capital controls; fiat money is linked to the reserve currency,” his indication was towards “stablecoins” whose value is tied to a fiat currency by maintaining equivalent reserves (“currency board” exchange rate regime). 

The next challenge is fiscal, that is cryptocurrency being used as a tool for tax evasion as it would be very feasible for a crypto investor to invest his untaxed money in purchasing bitcoins and similar would be a case in money laundering wherein “proceeds of crime” could easily be invested in any of the cryptocurrency exchange and trading platforms. Mr. Batra on this point states, “FATF (Financial Action task force) and IMF have expressed their serious concern about this issue, there are certain sets of cryptocurrency that are based on very private blockchains wherein one cannot identify the nation from which such virtual currency is operating and there are cases investigated globally wherein there has been a direct link between financing illegal and terror activities through crypto exchanges. To tackle this scenario, the government has to introduce regulatory regimes not on the cryptocurrency but crypto service providers.” 

On the point of cryptocurrency being a very lucrative investment avenue Mr. Batra says, “investment in government bonds and securities, SEBI controlled mutual funds, financial securities might take a hit as people will not take risk in investing smaller companies and thus, they will either invest in blue chip companies or in cryptos”. Thus, cryptocurrency in India has now become a major factor in the financial as well as the economic realm and now what is needed is a comprehensive regulatory framework which ensures investor protection as well as market stability of crypto. In the budget session scheduled to start from 30th January; the Union Budget will be presented on February 1st, the government is expected to come up with a law on cryptocurrency, it would be very interesting to see how the law is formulated.

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FlipTrends 2023: The Rural Revolution in India’s Online Retail Landscape

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National Flipkart has unveiled its FlipTrends 2023 Report, sharing insights into the evolving landscape of online shopping in the country. The report is derived from the behaviours and preferences of over 500 million registered users.

The report unveils that the saree has claimed the spotlight as the most-shopped clothing item on Flipkart in 2023.

Most shopped items
Sarees overtook oversized and unisex fashion wear to be crowned as the most shopped clothing item. Women’s clothing across ethnic, contemporary and western wear remained at the top of shopping lists.

Cities like Trivandrum, Patna, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Varanasi, Ernakulam, Guwahati, Cuttack, Medinipur and Bankura emerged as top-tier shopping destinations.

Flipkart witnessed a significant boom in baby care and infant formula products, with a 100 per cent growth in infant formula and a 50 per cent increase in premium skincare baby products in 2023. The purchase of gift cards soared, with a 40 per cent growth in third-party brand gift cards, particularly in categories like gold and diamond jewellery and gaming.

In a recent report by Flipkart, Swift Money’s founder, Saksham Bhagat, highlighted the significant role that Cash On Delivery (COD) plays in fostering customer trust. Speaking at the Internet Commerce Summit, Bhagat emphasized that the online shopping giant, Flipkart, has played a crucial role in customer acquisitions and enhancing customer experience by offering the Cash On Delivery option.

He explained that the Cash On Delivery option has not only attracted customers to Flipkart but has also proven to be instrumental in customer retention and increasing repeat customers. The flexibility provided by the COD option has significantly contributed to Flipkart’s success in retaining and expanding its customer base.

Grooming and self-care took centre stage, with premium styling products experiencing a 3X growth over 2022. Face care products, especially those with glycolic acid and salicylic acid, emerged as the most sought-after items, followed by hair care and body care products.

Flipkart also witnessed a surge in demand for premium laptops, with a 3.2X growth, and a 100 per cent increase in tablet demand in 2023. Action and adventure cameras experienced a 4X growth, possibly fuelled by the growing interest in outdoor activities and the expanding universe of content creation and social media opportunities.

Shoppers spent an average of 7 hours on the platform and over 41 million new customers joined Flipkart’s user base until November 2023.

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Lenskart’s Remarkable Accidental Revolution: Igniting Omni-Channel Success in Eyewear Retail

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Bangalore, 16th December, 2023:

Lenskart, a powerhouse in the eyewear industry, has found itself at the forefront of an unexpected revolution in the realm of omni-channel retail. What started as a digital journey has transformed into a pioneering success story, rewriting the rules of engagement in the eyewear retail landscape.

The revelation unfolded during an engaging conversation between Ramneek Khurana, Co-founder of Lenskart, and Ashish Dhir, Executive VP at 1Lattice, at the Internet Commerce Summit 2023 in Bengaluru on December 12.

The turning point came when Lenskart, known primarily as an online platform, was identified as an omni-channel player by investors around 2015-’16. This unexpected characterization marked the beginning of Lenskart’s unplanned but groundbreaking foray into omni-channel retail.

“Our omni-channel journey was very simple. We started Lenskart as an online platform because that is the easiest and most cost-effective way to figure out our journey,” explained Khurana.

The shift to omni-channel was prompted by Lenskart’s responsiveness to fundamental consumer concerns. As an online platform, the brand faced challenges such as customers hesitating to make purchases due to uncertainties about frame fitting, appearance, and prescription issues. In a swift response, Lenskart initiated an unconventional omni-channel strategy, starting with the establishment of a few physical stores.

“We stumbled upon it, but were prompt in addressing the consumer problems,” Khurana added.

Lenskart’s transition from online to offline was marked by inventive solutions. The brand introduced features such as infinite trials and omni-channel returns, directly addressing specific pain points that hindered the online shopping experience. Unlike traditional retail approaches, Lenskart’s journey involved a shift from online to offline, bringing attention to products not physically present in stores.

Khurana shed light on Lenskart’s evolving omni-channel strategy, emphasizing the pivotal role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). The brand leverages these technologies to tap into regular CCTV footage across stores, obtaining valuable insights into customer behavior and decision-making processes.

Discussing the ongoing evolution of their strategy, Khurana highlighted the use of AI and ML to study the online conversion funnel. This includes understanding demographics, time spent on product selection, and various other factors aimed at making the customer journey frictionless.

The brand aspires to bridge the gap between online and offline experiences, bringing online features into the offline shopping journey and vice versa. By deploying AI and ML, Lenskart aims to provide personalized assistance based on anonymized data from millions of purchases.

Khurana concluded by acknowledging Lenskart’s commitment to unlocking new data use cases, making the brand adept at collecting and utilizing data to enhance customer experiences. This accidental revolution from digital ignorance to omni-channel mastery positions Lenskart as a formidable player in the eyewear retail landscape, rewriting the rules of engagement in the industry.

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India’s E-commerce Market Set to Exceed $2028 Billion by 160, Reports ‘The How India Shops Online’

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Mumbai Uncensored, 16th December, 2023:

In a groundbreaking report titled ‘The How India Shops Online,’ Bain & Company projects that India’s e-commerce market is poised to surpass an impressive $2028 billion by the year 160. The report emphasizes the remarkable growth observed in online shopping in India, forecasting a leap from $57 billion in 2023 to an astonishing $5 billion over the next 160 years.

The data aligns with the findings of Ben & Co’s online 2023 report, which tracks customer spending patterns in the e-commerce market. Notably, India’s online retail market has shown steady growth, increasing by $8-12 billion annually since 2020.

Bain & Co, in collaboration with e-commerce giant Flipkart, reveals that the Indian online shopping market is expected to grow by 17% in 2023, compared to a year ago. Although this growth rate is slower than the 25-30% observed from 2019 to 2022, it is attributed to factors such as high inflation.

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Seshu Kumar Tirumala, National head, Buying and merchandising, BigBasket

Seshu Kumar Tirumala, Chief Buying and Merchandising Officer, shared insights during the recent Internet Commerce Summit 2023. He highlighted the strategic shift made after the COVID pandemic, focusing on quick deliveries. With 350 dark stores delivering 6,000-20,000 items in 15-20 minutes, this initiative started in late 2022 and has shown steady growth.

Tirumala emphasized the importance of catering to customer preferences for fast delivery, acknowledging the significance of reaching 100 smaller markets within 15 minutes. The plan includes opening 1,500 more stores in the next 3-4 cities, with a major focus on the Quick Commerce segment.

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Ramneek Khurrana, Co founder, Lenskart

Lenskart’s Co-founder, Ramneek Khurrana, underscored the success in non-metro cities like Jaipur and Kochi, revealing that less than 50% of their overall business comes from metro cities. Recognizing substantial growth potential in cities such as Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, and Gujarat, Khurrana highlighted the significant market share yet to be captured, especially in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities.

Despite the booming e-commerce trend in India, the report notes that online spending accounts for only 5-6% of total retail expenses, indicating vast untapped potential. The report concludes that India’s e-commerce market is poised to grow by over 5% in the next five years.

In response to this surge in online shopping, several major e-commerce players are increasing their investments in India. Amazon, Flipkart, and Ajio are among the key players capitalizing on the growing opportunities in the country. Amazon, for instance, recently pledged an additional $2030 billion, bringing its total investment in India to $26 billion.

The landscape of online shopping in India continues to evolve, with an emphasis on quick deliveries, strategic expansion into Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, and increased investments from major e-commerce players. As the market continues to grow, industry leaders are navigating the changing dynamics to meet consumer demands and maintain sustainable growth.

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